A Level History - America - Practice Exam

What was a major cultural justification for American imperialism in the late 19th century?

1. The belief in cultural superiority

2. The need for military dominance

3. The pursuit of natural resources

4. The failure of European empires

The correct answer is: The belief in cultural superiority

The major cultural justification for American imperialism in the late 19th century was rooted in the belief in cultural superiority. This was often articulated through the idea of the "White Man’s Burden," which suggested that it was the responsibility of Western nations, particularly the United States, to bring civilization, democracy, and progress to "less developed" societies. Proponents of this belief viewed American culture, values, and political systems as superior and felt compelled to spread these ideals globally, particularly in territories in the Caribbean and the Pacific that the U.S. sought to control or influence. This cultural perspective was influential during the time when the U.S. began to expand its influence beyond its continental borders, as evidenced by actions such as the annexation of Hawaii, the acquisition of territories through the Spanish-American War, and interventions in Latin America. The mindset of cultural superiority helped justify imperialist policies, leading to a widespread acceptance of expansionist actions that might otherwise have faced significant moral opposition. The other choices reflect aspects of American imperialism, such as military dominance and resource acquisition, but the foundational belief in cultural superiority was paramount in shaping public opinion and policy regarding imperialism during this period.