A Level History - America - Practice Exam

What prompted a shift in the US foreign policy during the late 19th century?

1. Declining domestic economy

2. Desire for new overseas markets

3. Call for military intervention in Europe

4. Isolationist sentiment from the public

The correct answer is: Desire for new overseas markets

The correct answer highlights the significant motivation behind the shift in U.S. foreign policy during the late 19th century, which was largely driven by the desire for new overseas markets. This period marked a time of industrial growth and expansion in the United States, leading to an increased demand for raw materials and new markets for American goods. As domestic production exceeded consumption possibilities within the United States, policymakers began to look beyond national borders to prevent overproduction and economic stagnation. The drive for expansion was not only economic but was also tied to the prevailing belief in Manifest Destiny and a sense of American exceptionalism. Engaging with new markets was seen as a way to project U.S. power and influence internationally while promoting American values and capitalism. As a result, the late 19th century witnessed an increasing American involvement in global affairs, exemplified by actions such as the annexation of Hawaii, the acquisition of territories following the Spanish-American War, and the establishment of an Open Door Policy in China. The other options, while reflective of different sentiments and actions during a complex era, do not encapsulate the primary reason for the shift in foreign policy as effectively. For instance, a declining domestic economy or calls for military intervention may have influenced specific policies or actions but